Steel is heat treated at a high temperature and control cooled to primarily soften metal and to simultaneously provide change in microstructure to improve machineability and facilitation in cold working.

The wire rod is drawn to the required size, in closer tolerances so that it can be used in cold forging.

Calculated length of wire is sheared and cold forged in a close die to give it the spherical shape.

The second production step is the rolling between plates with concentric grooves in order to eliminate the heading witness marks and to increase the precision of the ball. In this operation, the spheres are ground between two concentric pressure plates to correct the spherical shape and remove the seam formed in the cold forging.

The balls are heat treated, i.e. hardened and tempered to attain the desired level of hardness and microstructure. The heat treatment, when necessary, gives the maximum possible hardness and the desired microstructure to the ball and therefore the best obtainable technical features in compliance with materials used.

Here the hardened balls are ground to improve surface finish and geometrical parameters. Several careful grinding processes with ceramic wheels lead to a higher size precision preparing the balls for the next final lapping operation.

The final lapping operation gives the ball a perfect bright, compact surface, without any defect, with a very low surface roughness, very low deviations from spherical form, very low roughness values, very low waviness values and total lack of surface defects assured by optical control machines. These four basic parameters guarantee final customer an extremely qualified product for its relevant use.

To ensure the highest quality, each and every parameter of the balls is thoroughly inspected before packing and dispatch. All precision, hardness, material features, etc. are tested at every stage of the production and again before shipping, at the end of the manufacturing process, in order to assure and guarantee the quality.